Open Access
Table 3
Cardioplegia details.
| Overall | Year |
p-value | Missing | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||||
| Number of cases | 40,777 | 10,261 | 9295 | 9731 | 11,490 | ||
| Use of cardioplegia | <0.001 | 0.1 | |||||
| Yes, cardioplegia | 39,211 (96.3) | 9832 (95.9) | 8901 (95.8) | 9392 (96.7) | 11,086 (96.7) | ||
| Yes, ventricular fibrillation | 36 (0.1) | 10 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 4 (0.0) | 16 (0.1) | ||
| None | 1470 (3.6) | 409 (4.0) | 382 (4.1) | 319 (3.3) | 360 (3.1) | ||
| Cardioplegia regime | <0.001 | 4.2 | |||||
| Continuous | 5094 (13.0) | 1339 (13.7) | 1272 (14.3) | 1245 (13.3) | 1238 (11.2) | ||
| Intermittent | 32,745 (83.8) | 8454 (86.3) | 7615 (85.7) | 8051 (86.3) | 8625 (78.0) | ||
| Single dose | 1239 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 38 (0.4) | 1201 (10.9) | ||
| Number of doses, median | 3.00 [2.00, 6.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 6.00] | 4.00 [2.00, 6.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 6.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 6.00] | <0.001 | 8.1 |
| Total cardioplegia volume (mL), median | 2100.0 [1250.0, 3400.0] | 2150.0 [1250.0, 3500.0] | 2288.5 [1279.5, 3750.0] | 2100.0 [1200.0, 3400.0] | 2000.0 [1227.0, 3100.0] | <0.001 | 5.1 |
| Cardioplegia category | <0.001 | 3.3 | |||||
| None | 395 (1.0) | 109 (1.1) | 93 (1.0) | 92 (1.0) | 101 (0.9) | ||
| 1:1 | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 2:1 | 4 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | ||
| 4:1 | 6689 (17.0) | 1809 (18.3) | 1357 (15.2) | 1348 (14.3) | 2175 (19.5) | ||
| 8:1 | 5592 (14.2) | 1572 (15.9) | 1431 (16.0) | 1324 (14.0) | 1265 (11.3) | ||
| Crystalloid | 123 (0.3) | 43 (0.4) | 50 (0.6) | 29 (0.3) | 1 (0.0) | ||
| Variable | 2148 (5.4) | 561 (5.7) | 516 (5.8) | 448 (4.7) | 623 (5.6) | ||
| Crystalloid (custodial) | 841 (2.1) | 337 (3.4) | 200 (2.2) | 113 (1.2) | 191 (1.7) | ||
| Microplegia | 7687 (19.5) | 1666 (16.9) | 2063 (23.0) | 2129 (22.5) | 1829 (16.4) | ||
| del Nido | 15,835 (40.1) | 3770 (38.2) | 3236 (36.1) | 3941 (41.7) | 4888 (43.8) | ||
| Other | 122 (0.3) | 9 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) | 23 (0.2) | 82 (0.7) | ||
| Induction routes | <0.001 | 5 | |||||
| Antegrade-aortic root | 35,281 (91.1) | 8617 (88.3) | 8019 (90.8) | 8520 (92.3) | 10,125 (92.8) | ||
| Antegrade-coronary ostium | 513 (1.3) | 123 (1.3) | 124 (1.4) | 138 (1.5) | 128 (1.2) | ||
| Retrograde | 2935 (7.6) | 1017 (10.4) | 691 (7.8) | 575 (6.2) | 652 (6.0) | ||
| Maintenance route | |||||||
| Antegrade-aortic root | 18,684 (62.6) | 4783 (63.6) | 4210 (60.2) | 4298 (60.2) | 5393 (65.9) | <0.001 | 26.8 |
| Antegrade-coronary ostium (left, right, or both) | 2347 (7.9) | 583 (7.7) | 527 (7.5) | 501 (7.0) | 736 (9.0) | <0.001 | 26.8 |
| Antegrade-bypass graft | 2936 (9.8) | 650 (8.6) | 720 (10.3) | 752 (10.5) | 814 (9.9) | <0.001 | 26.8 |
| Retrograde | 15,631 (52.4) | 4055 (53.9) | 3838 (54.9) | 3869 (54.2) | 3869 (47.2) | <0.001 | 26.8 |
| Terminal warm reperfusate | <0.001 | 4.4 | |||||
| No | 22,647 (58.1) | 5867 (60.1) | 4915 (55.5) | 5167 (55.5) | 6698 (60.5) | ||
| Yes, standard | 1203 (3.1) | 355 (3.6) | 357 (4.0) | 330 (3.5) | 161 (1.5) | ||
| Yes, Buckberg | 124 (0.3) | 15 (0.2) | 68 (0.8) | 27 (0.3) | 14 (0.1) | ||
| Yes, blood only | 10,312 (26.4) | 2406 (24.6) | 2503 (28.2) | 2729 (29.3) | 2674 (24.2) | ||
| Yes, combination | 4424 (11.3) | 1125 (11.5) | 1019 (11.5) | 1037 (11.1) | 1243 (11.2) | ||
| Yes, microplegia | 293 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (0.1) | 280 (2.5) | ||
Continuous variables are expressed as median, [IQR], and categorical variables as count (%).
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