Original Article

Characteristics of Uncontrolled Hemorrhage in Cardiac Surgery

Address correspondence to: Cody C. Trowbridge, MPS, CCP, Geisinger Medical Center, Perfusion Services 20-15, 100 N. Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17821. E-mail: cctrowbridge@geisinger.edu

Abstract

Patients with uncontrolled hemorrhage require massive transfusion therapy and consume a large fraction of blood bank resources. Institutional guidelines have been established for treatment, but early identification and prevention in susceptible patients remains challenging. Uncontrolled hemorrhage was defined as meeting institutional guidelines for recombinant FVIIa administration. Patients who received rFVIIa were compared with patients who did not require the therapy but who were operated on during the same time period. After institutional review board approval, demographic, operative, and transfusion data were analyzed from a prospective database. Patients receiving rFVIIa were more likely to undergo multiple procedures (2.6 ± 0.8 vs. 1.8 ± 0.8; p < .001); aortic surgery (59% vs. 11%; p < .005); have a higher Cleveland Clinic Clinical Severity score (7.8 ± 2.7 vs. 5.5 ± 4.0; p < .005); require longer bypass (265 ± 92 min vs. 159 ± 63 min; p < .001), cross-clamp (182 ± 68 min vs. 112 ± 56 min; p < .001), and circulatory arrest (15 ± 24 minvs.2±7 min; p < .05) times; and require more autotransfusion (2580 ± 1847 mL vs. 690 ± 380 mL; p < .05). Uncontrolled hemorrhage is associated with more complex surgery requiring longer bypass times and more autotransfusion.