Original Articles

The Effect of the Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Blood Conservation in Cardiac Surgery Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists upon Clinical Practices

^* Department of Surgery, The Center for Leadership and Improvement, Dartmouth Medical School, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
^† Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
^‡ Cardiac Services, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
^§ Department of Cardiovascular Perfusion, St. Mary’s Regional Cardiac Program, Kitchener, Ontario
^¶ Cardiac Surgery Research and Perfusion, Cardiothoracic Surgical Unit, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
^‖ Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Montefiore-Einstein Heart Center, New York, New York
^# Department of Anesthesia, Keenan Research Center in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
^** Department of Anesthesiology and Emergency Medicine, VCUREs (Virginia Commonwealth University Reanimation Engineering Shock Center), Richmond, Virginia
^†† Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Address correspondence to: Simon C. Body, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail: body@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu.

Abstract

The 2007 Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the Soci ety of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Clinical Practice Guide line for Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Blood Conservation in Cardiac Surgery was recently promulgated and has received much attention. Using a survey of cardiac anesthesiologists and perfusionists’ clinical practice, we assessed the current practices of perfusion, anesthesia, and surgery, as recommended by the Guidelines and also determined the role the Guidelines had in changing these practices. Nontrainee members of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, the American Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion, the Canadian Society of Clinical Perfusion, and the American Society of ExtraCorporeal Technology were surveyed using a standardized survey instrument that examined clinical practices and responses to the Guidelines. One thousand four hundred and two surveys from 1,061 institutions principally in the United States (677 institutions) and Canada (34 institutions) were returned, with a 32% response rate. There was wide distribution of the Guidelines with 78% of anesthesiologists and 67% of perfusionists reporting having read all, part, or a summary of the Guidelines. However, only 20% of respondents reported that an institutional discussion had taken place as a result of the Guidelines, and only 14% of respondents reported that an institutional monitoring group had been formed. There was wide variability in current preoperative testing, perfusion, surgical, and pharmacological practices reported by respondents. Twenty-six percent of respondents reported one or more practice changes in response to the Guidelines. The changes made were reported to be highly (9%) or somewhat effective (31%) in reducing overall transfusion rates. Only four of 38 Guideline recommendations were reported by more than 5% of respondents to have been changed in response to the Guidelines. Wide variation in clinical practices of cardiac surgery was reported. Little change in clinical practices was attributed to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Guidelines.