Table 1
Characteristics of survivors and non-survivors to hospital discharge.
| Characteristics | All cohort (n = 161) | Survivors to hospital discharge (n = 58, 36%) | Non-survivors to hospital discharge (n = 103, 64%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age (years)a | 0.11 (0.02, 1.24) | 0.1 (0, 0.9) | 0.1 (0, 1.5) | 0.238 |
| Age groupb | 0.973 | |||
| Neonate (≤30 days) | 78 (48.1) | 28 (48.3) | 50 (48.5) | |
| Pediatric | 83 (51.5) | 30 (51.7) | 53 (51.5) | |
| Weight (kg)a | 4.06 (3, 9.36) | 4.2 (3.3, 8.6) | 4 (3, 10.4) | 0.805 |
| Height (cm)a | 62.5 (49, 95.3) | 59.5 (51, 73) | 65.8 (49, 107.4) | 0.491 |
| BSA (m2)a | 0.31 (0.21, 0.62) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) | 0.661 |
| Genderb | 0.232 | |||
| Female | 63 (39.6) | 19 (32.8) | 44 (44) | |
| Male | 95 (59) | 39 (67.2) | 56 (56) | |
| Raceb | 0.854 | |||
| Caucasian | 91 (56.5) | 32 (55.2) | 59 (57.3) | |
| African-American | 27 (16.7) | 11 (19) | 16 (15.5) | |
| Other | 43 (26.8) | 15 (25.8) | 28 (27.2) | |
| Diagnostic groupb | 0.055 | |||
| CHD | 125 (77.2) | 49 (84.5) | 76 (73.8) | |
| Heart failure | 36 (22.3) | 9 (15.5) | 27 (26.2) | |
| Heart transplantb | 10 (6.2) | 3 (5.2) | 7 (6.8) | 0.681 |
| Pre-ECMO data and support | ||||
| Ventilator supportb | <0.001 | |||
| Conventional | 94 (79.7) | 33 (73.3) | 60 (83.3) | |
| HFOV | 13 (11) | 11 (24.4) | 2 (2.8) | |
| Other | 11 (6.8) | 1 (2.2) | 10 (13.9) | |
| Pre ECMO arrestb | 63 (39) | 17 (29.3) | 46 (45.1) | 0.044 |
| Oxygenation indexa | 35 (14, 55) | 39 (23, 57) | 32.5 (10.5, 51) | 0.154 |
| Mean BP (mmHg)a | 41.5 (32, 53) | 42 (32, 53) | 41 (31.5, 52.5) | 0.918 |
| FiO2 need (%)a | 100 (87, 100) | 100 (91, 100) | 100 (82, 100) | 0.507 |
| pHa | 7.2 (7.05, 7.32) | 7.2 (7.1, 7.3) | 7.2 (7, 7.3) | 0.485 |
| CPBb | 63 (39) | 27 (46.6) | 36 (35) | 0.232 |
| VADb | 10 (6.2) | 4 (6.9) | 6 (5.8) | 0.768 |
| RRTb | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.9) | 0.540 |
| Nitric oxideb | 56 (34.7) | 24 (41.4) | 32 (31.1) | 0.325 |
| ECMO data | ||||
| ECMO modeb | 0.843 | |||
| Veno-arterial | 153 (94.4) | 55 (94.8) | 97 (94.2) | |
| Veno-venous | 7 (4.3) | 2 (3.4) | 5 (4.9) | |
| Unknown | 2 (1.2) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1) | |
| ECMO typeb | 0.269 | |||
| Cardiac | 114 (70.4) | 42 (72.4) | 72 (69.9) | |
| Pulmonary | 10 (6.2) | 5 (8.6) | 5 (4.9) | |
| ECPR | 38 (23.5) | 11 (19) | 26 (25.2) | |
| Cannula locationb | 0.396 | |||
| Central | 97 (60.6) | 37 (63.8) | 60 (59.4) | |
| Peripheral | 63 (39.4) | 21 (36.2) | 41 (40.6) | |
| Cardiac indexa | 1.97 (1.57, 2.47) | 2 (1.5, 2.4) | 1.9 (1.6, 2.5) | 0.853 |
| Outcomes and complications | ||||
| ECMO duration (h)a | 130.5 (73, 218) | 105.5 (81, 161) | 137 (53, 312) | 0.222 |
| LOS (days)a | 29 (16.5, 53.5) | 43.5 (29, 109) | 23 (11, 36) | <0.001 |
| MV duration (h)a | 356 (172, 654) | 387 (240, 721) | 315 (125, 580) | 0.01 |
| Complication typeb | ||||
| Cardiovascular | 71 (43.8) | 15 (25.9) | 56 (54.4) | <0.001 |
| Hemorrhagic | 78 (48.1) | 18 (31) | 60 (58.3) | 0.001 |
| Infectious | 12 (7.4) | 1 (1.7) | 11 (10.7) | 0.127 |
| Limb | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (3.9) | 0.322 |
| Mechanical | 53 (32.7) | 11 (19) | 42 (40.8) | 0.006 |
| Metabolic | 41 (25.3) | 8 (13.8) | 33 (32) | 0.017 |
| Neurologic | 35 (21.6) | 6 (10.3) | 29 (28.2) | 0.012 |
| Respiratory | 44 (27.2) | 6 (10.3) | 38 (36.9) | <0.001 |
| Renal | 73 (45.1) | 19 (32.8) | 54 (52.4) | 0.023 |
BP: blood pressure, BSA: body surface area, CHD: congenital heart disease, CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass, ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECPR: extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen, HFOV: high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, h: hours, LOS: length of stay, MV: mechanical ventilation, RRT: renal replacement therapy, VAD: ventricular assist device.
Heart failure includes cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and heart transplant.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.