Table 2
Characteristics of patients that received conventional ventilation vs HFOV prior to ECMO cannulation.
| Characteristics | Conventional (n = 94) | HFOV (n = 13) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Age (years)a | 0.12 (0.02, 1.02) | 0.5 (0.01, 1.98) | 0.942 |
| Age groupb | 0.920 | ||
| Neonate (≤30 days) | 42 (44.5) | 6 (46) | |
| Pediatric | 52 (55.5) | 7 (54) | |
| Weight (kg)a | 4.2 (3, 9) | 5.6 (3, 12) | 0.432 |
| Height (cm)a | 64.5 (50, 98) | 58.7 (48, 77) | 0.327 |
| BSA (m2)a | 0.32 (0.22, 0.62) | 0.28 (0.20, 0.47) | 0.416 |
| Genderb | 0.368 | ||
| Female | 40 (42.5) | 4 (30.7) | |
| Male | 51 (57.5) | 9 (69.3) | |
| Raceb | 0.349 | ||
| Caucasian | 49 (52) | 4 (31) | |
| African-American | 16 (17) | 3 (22) | |
| Other | 29 (31) | 6 (47) | |
| Diagnostic groupb | 0.501 | ||
| CHD | 73 (77.6) | 9 (69) | |
| Heart failure | 21 (22.4) | 4 (31) | |
| Heart transplantb | 8 (8.5) | 0 (0) | N/A |
| Pre-ECMO data and support | |||
| Pre ECMO arrestb | 33 (35) | 4 (31) | 0.757 |
| Oxygenation indexa | 27 (12, 48) | 43 (45, 88) | <0.001 |
| Mean BP (mmHg)a | 43 (33, 53) | 62 (28, 58) | 0.902 |
| FiO2 need (%)a | 100 (75, 100) | 100 (100, 100) | 0.092 |
| pHa | 7.19 (7.10, 7.31) | 7.34 (7.05, 7.34) | 0.819 |
| CPBb | 39 (41.4) | 1 (7.6) | 0.018 |
| VADb | 9 (9.5) | 0 (0) | N/A |
| RRTb | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | N/A |
| Nitric oxideb | 41 (43.6) | 6 (46) | 0.862 |
| ECMO data | |||
| ECMO modeb | 0.974 | ||
| Veno-arterial | 87 (92.5) | 12 (92.3) | |
| Veno-Venous | 7 (7.5) | 1 (7.6) | |
| ECMO typeb | <0.001 | ||
| Cardiac | 76 (80.8) | 5 (38.4) | |
| Pulmonary | 5 (5.3) | 5 (38.4) | |
| ECPR | 13 (13.9) | 3 (23.2) | |
| Cannula locationb | 0.041 | ||
| Central | 57 (60.6) | 4 (31) | |
| Peripheral | 37 (39.4) | 9 (69) | |
| Cardiac indexa | 1.97 (1.6, 2.5) | 1.97 (1.5, 2.0) | 0.482 |
| Outcomes and complications | |||
| ECMO duration (h)a | 137 (90, 282) | 130 (72, 163) | 0.303 |
| LOS (days)a | 31 (21, 56) | 38 (22, 53) | 0.732 |
| MV duration (h)a | 378 (216, 742) | 364 (201, 566) | 0.660 |
| Complication typeb | |||
| Cardiovascular | 40 (42.5) | 4 (31) | 0.418 |
| Hemorrhagic | 39 (41.4) | 4 (31) | 0.459 |
| Infectious | 6 (6.3) | 1 (7.6) | 0.857 |
| Limb | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | N/A |
| Mechanical | 39 (41.4) | 2 (15.4) | 0.069 |
| Metabolic | 21 (22.3) | 3 (23) | 0.952 |
| Neurologic | 17 (18) | 1 (7.6) | 0.347 |
| Respiratory | 25 (26.5) | 2 (15.4) | 0.383 |
| Renal | 42 (44.6) | 7 (53.8) | 0.534 |
BP: blood pressure, BSA: body surface area, CHD: congenital heart disease, CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass, ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECPR: extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen, HFOV: high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, h: hours, LOS: length of stay, MV: mechanical ventilation, RRT: renal replacement therapy, VAD: ventricular assist device.
Heart failure includes cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and heart transplant.
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