Table 1
Demographics and preoperative characteristics by AKI for STAT 4 & 5 neonates (n = 463) and STAT 1–3 infants (n = 517).
| All (n = 980) | Non-AKI (n = 768) | AKI (n = 212) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency (%) | ||||
| Age at surgery | ||||
| <31 days | 463 (47.2) | 336 (43.8) | 127 (59.9) | <0.001 |
| 31 days – ≤1 year | 517 (52.8) | 432 (56.3) | 85 (40.1) | |
| Male | 550 (56.1) | 421 (54.8) | 129 (60.9) | 0.11 |
| Race | 0.07 | |||
| White | 536 (54.7) | 420 (54.7) | 116 (54.7) | |
| Black | 134 (13.7) | 114 (14.8) | 20 (9.4) | |
| Other | 310 (31.6) | 234 (30.5) | 76 (35.9) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 165 (16.8) | 122 (15.9) | 43 (20.3) | 0.12 |
| Gestational age < 37 weeks | 132 (13.7) | 99 (13.1) | 33 (15.9) | 0.29 |
| Ventricular physiology | 0.24 | |||
| Single ventricle | 364 (37.1) | 278 (36.2) | 86 (40.6) | |
| Two ventricles | 616 (62.9) | 490 (63.8) | 126 (59.4) | |
| Max STAT score | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 191 (19.5) | 172 (22.4) | 19 (9) | |
| 2 | 211 (21.5) | 171 (22.3) | 40 (18.9) | |
| 3 | 115 (11.7) | 89 (11.6) | 26 (12.3) | |
| 4 | 296 (30.2) | 227 (29.6) | 69 (32.6) | |
| 5 | 167 (17) | 109 (14.2) | 58 (27.4) | |
| STS risk factors | ||||
| Chromosomal anomaly | 328 (33.5) | 260 (33.9) | 68 (32.1) | 0.62 |
| Preoperative mechanical ventilation | 130 (13.3) | 82 (10.7) | 48 (22.6) | <0.001 |
| Emergency | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.5) | 0.38 |
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | 7 (0.7) | 7 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) | 0.35 |
| Colostomy | 8 (0.8) | 6 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | 0.68 |
| Endocarditis | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 10 (4.7) | 0.38 |
| Gastrostomy | 34 (3.5) | 24 (3.1) | 2 (0.9) | 0.26 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis treated medically | 11 (1.1) | 9 (1.2) | 2 (0.9) | 1.00 |
| Atrioventricular block | 6 (0.6) | 4 (0.5) | 2 (0.9) | 0.61 |
| Mechanical circulatory support | 4 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | 0.20 |
| Renal dysfunction | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 5 (2.4) | 0.51 |
| Seizure | 27 (2.8) | 22 (2.9) | 3 (1.4) | 0.69 |
| Sepsis | 8 (0.8) | 5 (0.7) | 1 (0.5) | 0.38 |
| Shocking occurring at reoperation | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 9 (4.3) | 0.51 |
| Shock resolved at time of operation | 21 (2.1) | 12 (1.6) | 16 (7.6) | 0.02 |
| Stroke | 51 (5.2) | 35 (4.6) | 68 (32.1) | 0.08 |
| Mean (SD) | ||||
| Age at surgery in years | 0.0 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.34 |
| Weight at surgery in kg | 4.4 (2.0) | 4.4 (1.5) | 4.2 (3.3) | 0.58 |
| BSA at surgery in m2 | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.12 |
| Gestational age | 38.0 (2.2) | 38.0 (2.1) | 37.7 (2.3) | 0.07 |
| Preoperative creatinine in mg/dL | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.5) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.93 |
| Total number of 16 STS preoperative risk factors | 0.7 (0.9) | 0.6 (0.8) | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.01 |
Variables were compared using t-test, χ2 test, and Fisher’s exact test. Data is presented as mean (standard deviation) or as number (percent). BSA: body surface area; SD: standard deviation; STAT: Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgeons.
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