Table 1
Patient demographics and characteristics comparison of non-ECMO and ECMO candidates as assessed by pediatric critical care fellow physicians.
| Variable | Total (N = 80) | Non-ECMO candidates (N = 15) | ECMO-candidates (N = 65) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 3.5 (1.1–9.0) | 7 (4.5–14.0) | 2.9 (0.9–8.0) | 0.008 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.14 | |||
| Male | 48 (60%) | 12 (80%) | 36 (55%) | |
| Female | 32 (40%) | 3 (20%) | 29 (45%) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.62 | |||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Asian | 3 (3.8%) | 1 (7%) | 2 (3%) | |
| Black or African American | 16 (20%) | 5 (33%) | 11 (17%) | |
| Other/mixed | 14 (17.5%) | 2 (13%) | 12 (18%) | |
| Unspecified | 4 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7%) | |
| White | 42 (52.5%) | 7 (47%) | 35 (54%) | |
| Admission FSS score, median (IQR) | 7 (6–12.3) | 16 (11–21) | 6 (6–23) | 0.002 |
| Admission FSS category, n (%) | 0.003 | |||
| Normal to mild dysfunction | 55 (68.7%) | 5 (33.3%) | 50 (76.9%) | |
| Moderate dysfunction | 25 (31.3%) | 10 (66.7%) | 15 (23.1%) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Previously healthy | 12 (15%) | 1 (7%) | 11 (17%) | |
| Prematurity | 16 (20%) | 3 (20%) | 13 (20%) | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 14 (17.5%) | 2 (13%) | 12 (18%) | |
| Chronic lung Disease | 14 (17.5%) | 3 (20%) | 11 (17%) | |
| Hematologic disease, non-oncologic | 4 (5%) | 3 (20%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Oncologic diagnosis, solid | 9 (11.3%) | 3 (20%) | 6 (9%) | |
| Oncologic diagnosis, liquid | 4 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (6%) | |
| SCT or BMT transplant recipient | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Solid organ transplant recipient | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Kidney disease (acute or chronic) | 12 (15%) | 5 (33%) | 7 (10.8%) | |
| Epilepsy or history of seizure | 18 (22.5%) | 6 (40%) | 12 (18%) | |
| Cerebral palsy | 6 (7.5%) | 1 (7%) | 5 (8%) | |
| Developmental delay or disorder | 25 (31.3%) | 7 (47%) | 18 (27.8%) | |
| HIE | 4 (5%) | 2 (13%) | 2 (3%) | |
| Neuromuscular disorder | 6 (7.5%) | 1 (7%) | 5 (8%) | |
| Thoracic insufficiency syndrome or neuromuscular scoliosis |
4 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (6%) | |
| Genetic syndrome | 16 (20%) | 2 (13%) | 14 (22%) | |
| Chronic static encephalopathy | 2 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3%) | |
| Hydrocephalus | 8 (10%) | 3 (20%) | 5 (8%) | |
| Endocrinopathy | 16 (20%) | 9 (60%) | 7 (11%) | |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 25 (31.3%) | 8 (53%) | 17 (26%) | |
| Asthma or reactive airway disease | 10 (12.5%) | 3 (20%) | 7 (11%) | |
| Cystic fibrosis | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | |
| History of ECMO | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | |
| History of cardiac arrest | 3 (3.8%) | 2 (13%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Cardiac disease or dysfunction | 17 (21.3%) | 4 (27%) | 13 (20%) | |
| Chronic feeding intolerance or intestinal failure | 6 (7.5%) | 2 (13%) | 4 (6%) |
Abbreviations: BMT: bone marrow transplant; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FSS: functional status score; HIE: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; IQR: interquartile range; PICU: pediatric intensive care unit; PIM3: Pediatric Index of Mortality; PRISM: Pediatric Risk of Mortality; SCT: stem cell transplant.
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